Street design part 2
Necessities of a good street design/ goals to achieve through the design
MOBILITY AND ACCCESSIBILITY – Maximum number of people should be able to move fast, safely and conveniently through the city.
SAFETY AND COMFORT – Make streets safe clean and walkable, create climate sensitive design.
ECOLOGY – Reduce impact on the natural environment; and Reduce pressure on built infrastructure.
To ensure preferable public transport use:
1.To Retrofit Streets for equal or higher priority for Public Transit and Pedestrians.
2.Provide transit-oriented mixed landusepatterns and redensifycity within 10 minutes walk of MRTS stops.
3.Provide dedicated lanes for HOVs (high occupancy vehicles) and carpool during peak hours.
4.Create “eyes on the street”–by removing setbacks and boundary walls and building to the edge of the street ROW. This would allow people from inside to look out on to the pavement, thus discouraging misbehavior, shady corners, peeing, etc.)
5.In case enclosure of sites is required, transparent fencing should be used above 300 mm height from ground level.
6.Require commercial facades to have minimum 30% transparency.
7.Provide adequate Street Lighting for pedestrians and bicycles.
8.Create commercial/ hawking zones at regular intervals (10 minute walk from every home in the city) to encourage walkability, increase street activity and provide safety. (e.g. Mumbai, Shanghai)
Essential components of all streets
To ensure preferable public transport use:
1.To Retrofit Streets for equal or higher priority for Public Transit and Pedestrians.
2.Provide transit-oriented mixed landusepatterns and redensifycity within 10 minutes walk of MRTS stops.
3.Provide dedicated lanes for HOVs (high occupancy vehicles) and carpool during peak hours.
4.Create “eyes on the street”–by removing setbacks and boundary walls and building to the edge of the street ROW. This would allow people from inside to look out on to the pavement, thus discouraging misbehavior, shady corners, peeing, etc.)
5.In case enclosure of sites is required, transparent fencing should be used above 300 mm height from ground level.
6.Require commercial facades to have minimum 30% transparency.
7.Provide adequate Street Lighting for pedestrians and bicycles.
8.Create commercial/ hawking zones at regular intervals (10 minute walk from every home in the city) to encourage walkability, increase street activity and provide safety. (e.g. Mumbai, Shanghai)
8.Trees are an essential component for all streets –to provide shade to pedestrians and reduce solar gain.
9.High albedo(diffuse reflectivity) materials for paving reduces urban heat island effect.
10.Built to Pavement edge buildings with overhangs and arcades provide excellent protection to pedestrians.
11.Provide at-grade crosswalks (and overpasses on highways) at maximum intervals of ~70-250 M, aligning with location of transit stops, type of street / landuse activities and neighboring building entries and destinations.
12.Provide Dustbins, postboxes, signage and other public amenities at street corners for high usability.
13.Provide Accessible Public Toilets at every 500 -800 M distance – preferably located close to bus stops for easy access by pedestrians and public transport users.
14.Follow universal accessibility design standards to make public streets & crosswalks fully navigable by the physically handicapped.
15.Decrease impervious surfaces through permeable paving, tree planting zones, etc. to increase ground water infiltration & prevent seasonal flooding.
16.Integrate Natural Storm Water filtration and absorption into street design through bio-filtration beds, swales and detention ponds.
17.Decrease Heat Island Effect (HIE) by increasing greenery, planting trees, using reflective paving, etc
Major Street Design Principles:
1.Safety of all modes and Universal Accessibility of all Streets.
2.Priority to public transport users.
3.Climatic comfort essential for all road users. Planting of deciduous trees along all footpaths and non-motorized lanes is essential
4.Ecological design to minimize environmental impacts like urban heat island effect,storm water runoff, etc.
5.Amenity provisions and facilities for all road users is mandatory on all roads, to ensure safety, usability and vibrancy of the street. Therefore designated spaces to be provided for amenities like hawkers, public toilets, street lights, utilities, para-transport drop-offs, etc.
6.Segregation between modes (by speed)to be provided if difference in desirable speed of different modes becomes more than 10 km/hr. For example, In areas with high volume of non motorized through traffic (cyclists), speed of cyclists may be at or above 15km/hr, while speed of pedestrians is below 5 km/hr. So then segregation between the spaces allocated to both is required. Similarly, when desirable speed of motorized traffic is above 25 km/hr and maximum speed of non-motorized traffic is only 15 km/hr, it is required to spatially segregate the two in order to increase safety and efficiency of both types of modes.
7.Segregation between modes (for priority) is required when priority is to be provided to public transport and non-motorized transport (both for speed, congestion-free movement, safety and junction clearance) as per principles outlines in the National Urban Transport Policy.
8.Efficiency of movement of all modes is to be provided through design.
Categories for urban road design and their widths
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